Simple educational definitions of key nutrition, dietetics and food health terms.
Excess central fat accumulation with elevated metabolic and cardiovascular risk.
Measure of abdominal circumference associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complication risks.
Baie antioxydante amazonnienne avec une richesse exceptionnelle en composés protecteurs.
Transformation of alcohol into acetic acid by bacteria in the presence of oxygen.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant vital for immunity and tissue repair.
Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate, essential for DNA synthesis and cell division.
Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, essential for coenzyme A synthesis and metabolism.
Learned immune system, specific, and memory-based, providing long-term protection
Natural substance that improves the body's ability to manage stress.
Sugars deliberately added to products during manufacturing or cooking.
Standardized European numbering system identifying approved food additives from E100 to E1518.
A nutrient intake recommendation used when RDA cannot be firmly established.
Protective hormone for adipose tissue improving metabolism.
The biological system that detects and regulates body fat reserves.
Enhanced calorie and nutrient-dense diet adapted to increased demands of puberty and adolescent growth.
Sweet syrup extracted from agave with a lower glycemic index but rich in fructose
Key bacterium for protecting the intestinal barrier
A plant-based omega-3 fatty acid that is essential but poorly converted to the more potent EPA and DHA.
The body's inefficient biochemical process of transforming plant-based ALA into active omega-3 forms.
Regular alcohol consumption increases the risk of several cancer types, with no safe consumption level established.
Alcohol consumption in diabetes requires careful monitoring and moderation.
Conversion of sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide by yeast in the absence of oxygen.
Regulator of sodium and fluid balance.
A hormone that controls kidney sodium reabsorption, directly influencing blood volume and pressure regulation.
A plant-derived, bioactive form of DHA obtained directly from microalgae sources.
A sustainable, vegan alternative to fish oil made directly from algae.
Marine and freshwater algae protein sources with a particular micronutrient profile per species.
Emotional eating is consuming food to manage feelings rather than satisfy hunger.
Population-level nutrition strategies designed to improve public health outcomes.
A theoretical regimen based on acid-alkaline balance, without a solid physiological foundation.
Allergological diagnostic test applying allergens to the patient's skin to test for allergies.
Bioactive molecule of garlic with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Essential plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid precursor to EPA and DHA.
A multivalent mitochondrial antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress and supporting energy production.
Alternate daily between a normal day of eating and a day of fasting or very low calorie intake.
Nutritional strategies to reduce Alzheimer's disease risk and slow cognitive decline.
Ancient pseudocereal rich in proteins and minerals.
The elementary building blocks that make up all proteins.
Enzyme that converts starch into sugar, active during mastication.
Optimal post-effort period for consuming proteins and carbohydrates.
The construction of new biological molecules from nutrients.
Severe and potentially life-threatening immune reaction requiring immediate intervention.
Small fatty fish very rich in omega-3 and essential minerals.
Pregnancy anemia, usually iron-deficient, reduces oxygen delivery to the fetus and increases maternal fatigue.
Angiotensin is a hormone that powerfully constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure.
Protein from meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products.
Eating disorder involving extreme food restriction and severe weight loss.
Violet and red fruit pigments with exceptional antioxidant potential.
Systematic measurement of body dimensions to evaluate nutritional status and body composition.
A nutrition approach designed to maintain youth and vitality by minimizing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Evidence-based dietary strategies using protective foods and nutrients to reduce cancer risk.
A dietary approach to reduce systemic inflammation by selecting specific foods.
Regulator of renal water reabsorption.
Antioxidants protect cells from free radical damage, potentially reducing cancer risk through cellular defense mechanisms.
Antioxidants protect immune cells and reduce chronic inflammation from oxidative stress.
Antioxidants protect reproductive cells from oxidative damage, improving egg and sperm quality.
AOC is a protected geographic designation ensuring traditional production methods and regional origin of food products.
Major protein of HDL, associated with cardiovascular protection.
Protein marker of cardiovascular risk linked to dangerous lipid particles.
Genetic variant affecting lipid metabolism and the risk of chronic diseases.
Fermented apple cider, source of acetic acid and probiotics.
Water channel protein facilitating water transport through membranes.
Arabic: هرمون يعزز الحمية
Common water deficit in the elderly due to reduced perception of thirst.
A long-chain omega-6 fatty acid found in meat and eggs that plays a key role in inflammation and immune signaling.
Amino acid enhancing immune response and tissue healing in cancer patients.
High blood pressure requiring nutritional and lifestyle management.
Industrially formulated nutritious preparation designed to replace breast milk.
Nutrient delivery through tubes or intravenous routes when normal eating is impossible.
Adaptogenic herb that reduces cortisol and calms anxiety naturally.
Natural adaptogen for reducing stress and anxiety and improving resilience.
Very sweet synthetic sweetener, zero calories, no impact on blood glucose levels.
A very powerful artificial sweetener widely used in the food industry.
A potent red carotenoid from algae with superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
Progressive arterial disease caused by plaque buildup reducing blood flow.
The overall physical and mental abilities of an athlete during their activity.
The energy currency of cells, produced from nutrients.
Cellular purification mechanism that removes cellular debris and enhances biological resilience.
Cellular mechanism of cleaning and recycling cellular components activated by fasting.
Critical reaction using B12 to convert homocysteine into methionine and fuel genetic methylation.
Homogeneous, specially prepared food for infants.
Method of feeding where the infant feeds themselves with their fingers rather than being spoon-fed.
An endotoxin from gram-negative bacteria that triggers inflammation when present in excess.
A secondary but important bacterial phylum of the intestinal flora.
Surgical intervention to reduce food intake and facilitate weight loss.
Antioxidant-rich young barley grass for everyday alkalization and digestive support.
The energy the body burns at rest, without any activity.
The three essential amino acids key to muscle synthesis and recovery.
Botanical alkaloid with multiple beneficial effects on metabolism and intestinal health.
Berberine helps normalize blood glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity.
Amino acid improving short, intense exercise performance by regulating muscle acidity.
A plant-based provitamin that converts to vitamin A and acts as a powerful antioxidant.
Soluble fiber with cholesterol-lowering and glucose-regulating properties.
Soluble fiber that helps lower cholesterol and strengthen immune defenses.
Degradation of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA for energy.
Key beneficial bacterium for digestive and immune health.
Hepatic digestive fluid allowing fat absorption.
Small organ storing bile for fat digestion.
The portion of a nutrient actually used by the body after ingestion.
Nutritional status evaluation and deficiency detection through blood analysis.
Cellular mechanism regulating daily biological processes.
The proportion of absorbed protein your body actually uses for maintenance and growth.
Biotin is vitamin B7, essential for energy metabolism and skin health.
Syrup-rich byproduct of sugar refining, exceptionally rich in minerals.
Quick boiling followed by ice bath to inactivate enzymes and preserve quality.
Blood sugar level, continuously regulated by the pancreas.
Blood triglycerides are dietary and endogenous fats whose elevated levels increase heart disease and stroke risk.
Fatty fish rich in omega-3, fundamental to the Mediterranean diet.
Powerful blue fish rich in omega-3, a valuable ally against cardiovascular diseases.
The weight/height² ratio, first indicator of weight status.
Distribution of fat, muscle, bone, and water in the body.
The body fat mass is the total amount of lipid reserves in the body, essential but to be maintained in healthy proportions.
Ratio of weight/height² used to estimate weight appropriateness.
Body water is the main component of the body, essential for all biological functions.
The total human body mass measured in kilograms.
Essential mineral forming the structural basis of the skeleton.
The main fibrous protein that gives bones their flexibility and shock-absorbing capacity.
Age-related decline in bone strength and structure, preventable through nutrition and exercise.
Bone mass is the weight of the skeleton, crucial for body support and prevention of osteoporosis.
The concentration of minerals in bone that determines bone strength and fracture resistance.
Essential structural components that give bones their flexibility and resilience.
Boron may support bone health and calcium metabolism, though essentiality remains unclear.
Rapid weight regain after restrictive diet, often exceeding initial weight loss.
Water linked and structurally integrated into the body's macromolecules.
Measure of arm circumference used to evaluate muscle mass and detect malnutrition.
A key growth factor essential for learning, memory, and resilience against stress.
Morning meal that starts metabolism and daily energy.
First meal of the day that breaks overnight fasting and establishes metabolic tone for 24 hours.
Process of feeding infant with breast milk.
Reputable brown coastal algae for supporting thyroid function and stimulating metabolism.
Isolated brown rice protein offering a balanced and hypoallergenic vegetable protein.
A gluten-free pseudocereal seed packed with complete proteins and essential minerals.
An eating disorder involving binge-eating episodes followed by compensatory purging or other weight-control behaviors.
Rich dairy fat, low in vitamins A and D, and high in saturated fats.
Fiber fermentation that produces butyrate, a powerful anti-inflammatory compound.
A serious wasting condition involving rapid muscle and fat loss due to underlying chronic disease.
Cachexia is a pathological wasting condition causing severe loss of muscle mass and body weight in chronic diseases.
The mineral of bones and teeth, critical during growth.
Process of intestinal uptake and transport of dietary calcium into circulation.
Calcium supports blood pressure regulation by controlling vascular smooth muscle function and modulating the renin-angiotensin system.
Calcium inhibits iron absorption when taken together.
Equilibrium between dietary calcium and bodily calcium losses maintaining adequate calcium status.
The amount of calcium your body can really absorb and use.
Inadequate dietary calcium intake resulting in compromised bone and neuromuscular health.
Adequate calcium during breastfeeding prevents maternal bone loss while supporting infant bone development.
Calcium supports fetal bone development and maintains maternal skeletal integrity during pregnancy.
Recommended dietary calcium consumption necessary for bone health and vital physiological functions.
Consuming fewer calories than the body expends to lose weight.
The unit of measurement for food energy.
Severe, progressive muscle wasting in cancer patients caused by metabolic changes beyond simple malnutrition.
Tailored dietary approach addressing the specific nutritional challenges and needs during cancer treatment.
Appetite loss in cancer patients leading to inadequate nutritional intake and weight loss.
Common plant oil with a good ratio of ALA to LA.
Pungent alkaloid from chili peppers, which activates metabolism and modulates pain.
Heat-induced chemical transformation of sugar creating rich flavors and dark coloration.
The body's main fuel, found in starches, fruits and sugars.
Increasing carbohydrate intake before competition to optimize energy reserves.
Carbohydrates are the nutrients that most directly affect blood sugar levels in diabetics.
Fat-soluble plant pigments with antioxidant properties that serve as vitamin A precursors.
Carotenoids are plant pigments with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The breakdown of molecules to produce energy.
Antioxidant enzyme converting hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen to protect cells.
Natural polyphenolic antioxidant present in tea and stone fruits.
Immune reaction to celery proteins causing symptoms.
Autoimmune intolerance to gluten causing intestinal lesions.
Autoimmune reaction to gluten causing intestinal damage and nutrient malabsorption.
Process where cellular division halts and contributes to aging.
Indigestible plant fiber that provides structure to plant cells and supports digestive health.
Central catheter for safe delivery of parenteral nutrition and medications.
Gradual reintroduction of an allergen to measure reaction and evaluate tolerance.
Tiny, nutritionally dense seeds, excellent sources of fiber and omega-3.
High-protein, high-fiber legume with a light, nutty flavor.
Balanced diet adapted to the specific growth and development needs of a child.
Age-specific energy and nutritional needs for each child according to their development stage.
Exceptionally nutrient-rich detoxifying microalgae.
Detoxifying microalgae with a balanced protein profile and regenerative properties.
Essential electrolyte component of salt supporting fluid balance.
Major antioxidant in coffee and fruits, affects glucose metabolism.
The active form of vitamin D produced by skin exposure to sunlight and found in animal foods.
A vital lipid often demonized, whose LDL/HDL balance is the key.
An alternative methylation pathway where dietary choline provides methyl groups to reduce homocysteine.
Chromium enhances insulin sensitivity and helps regulate blood glucose levels.
Long-standing, low-grade inflammation that gradually weakens the immune system and promotes chronic diseases
Chronic inflammation that accelerates cell and tissue aging.
Chronic oxidative stress occurs when free radical production exceeds the body's antioxidant capacity, damaging cells and accelerating aging.
Chronic stress depletes nutrients and impairs the body's ability to absorb and utilize food effectively.
Adapting your eating to the body's natural biological cycles.
Blood sugar control varies throughout the day, with better glucose regulation in morning hours than evening.
Adaptation of food type and timing to biological circadian rhythms.
Insulin sensitivity varies by time of day, with morning meals being metabolized more efficiently than evening meals.
Genetic and biological predisposition to be more alert and perform better at certain times of the day.
A 24-hour cycle that orchestrates the body's biological functions.
Central pathway of mitochondrial energy production.
Pure butter with a higher smoke point for cooking.
Mixed bacterium genus with both beneficial and pathogenic effects
Cobalamine is vitamin B12, an essential nutrient for nerve function and red blood cell formation found mainly in animal products.
Cobalt is the mineral core of vitamin B12, supporting nerve function and blood cell production.
A tropical oil rich in MCTs with solidifying properties and a characteristic coconut taste.
Low-glycemic natural sweetener from coconut sap.
CoQ10 is an antioxidant and energy molecule crucial for mitochondrial function.
Molecular energy and antioxidant that reinforces cellular and cardiovascular functions.
Coffee inhibits iron absorption due to its polyphenol content.
Age-related cognitive changes and nutritional approaches to maintain brain function.
Structural protein that strengthens skin, joints, and bones.
Large intestine extracting water and electrolytes to form stool.
Comfort foods are emotionally significant foods that provide psychological solace and pleasure.
Plant proteins with all essential amino acids in balanced amounts.
A food with all 9 essential amino acids your body needs.
Multi-unit carbohydrates that digest slowly and sustain energy levels.
How cooking and cooling modify the glycemic impact of starches.
Cooking methods significantly alter food GI, with higher temperatures and longer durations typically increasing glycemic impact.
Optimized oil for high-temperature cooking with its very high smoke point.
Cooling cooked starchy foods converts digestible starch to resistant starch, significantly lowering their glycemic index.
Copper is a vital trace element essential for iron transport and energy production.
Complementary duo of corn and beans creating a complete protein.
Stress hormone increasing available energy.
Diet can modulate cortisol production and its effects on the body.
Elevated cortisol promotes accumulation of abdominal fat, while good fats help regulate it.
Sugar and cortisol feed each other in a cycle of physiological dependence.
COX-2 is an enzyme that produces inflammatory molecules and is modulated by dietary components.
Scientifically proven supplement for improving strength, power, and muscle gains.
Chronic intestinal inflammation causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malabsorption.
Powerful polyphenol with remarkable anti-inflammatory properties, derived from turmeric.
Curcumin is turmeric's active compound with strong anticancer potential.
Cytokines are chemical messengers that coordinate immune responses throughout the body.
The quantity of nutrients consumed during a 24-hour period.
A day's complete food consumption planned to meet nutritional goals.
A significant and well-absorbed source of calcium from dairy products.
A scientifically-proven eating plan that emphasizes whole foods to reduce high blood pressure.
Evidence-based eating plan emphasizing whole foods and sodium reduction to prevent and manage hypertension.
Synthesis of fatty acids from glucose.
Heat-based water removal that concentrates flavors and preserves food through moisture reduction.
Denutrition is malnutrition caused by insufficient intake of energy and essential nutrients needed for body maintenance.
Enzyme introducing double bonds into fatty acids, increasing their fluidity and biological activity.
Certification confirming a product's geographical origin and its link to specific regional characteristics.
The standard diagnostic imaging test that measures bone mineral density to assess bone health.
Pure glucose in its dextrorotatory form, the simplest and most rapidly absorbed form of sugar.
A crucial omega-3 fatty acid concentrated in the brain and eyes that supports cognitive function and vision.
Food is a fundamental pillar of diabetes management and glycemic control.
A protocol to maintain stable glucose levels in diabetes patients during Ramadan fasting.
Sugar substitute without effect on blood sugar, essential for diabetics.
Numerical score for evaluating nutritional quality of the diet.
Degree of following nutritional recommendations over time.
Cholesterol brought into the body through diet, mainly of animal origin.
Indigestible carbohydrates that feed the gut and regulate blood sugar.
Non-digestible compounds that decrease the rate of glucose absorption and lower the GI.
Dietary fiber comprises indigestible plant carbohydrates essential for digestive and overall health.
Fibers protect colon health by promoting regular bowel movements and feeding beneficial gut bacteria.
Comprehensive interview documenting an individual's eating habits and food history.
Iron from food sources in heme and non-heme forms with varying absorption rates.
Dietary lipids are fats and oils consumed through food that provide energy and support vital bodily functions.
Dietary nitrates from vegetables are converted to nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and significantly reduces blood pressure.
Dietary salt is sodium chloride (NaCl), essential for hydration and nerve function but requires moderate consumption to prevent health issues.
A nutrient supplement designed to complement inadequate nutrition.
The transformation of food into usable nutrients by the body.
Specialized proteins that break down food for absorption.
Evening meal that breaks the overnight fasting period and provides essential nutrients for recovery and nighttime metabolism.
More complex terpenes with varied and remarkable biological activities.
Volume of urine produced and excreted by the kidneys.
Intestinal pouches that can become inflamed causing pain and bleeding.
DNA damage from oxidative stress can cause mutations and disease.
DNA methylation is a chemical tag on genes that determines whether they are turned on or off, regulated partly by nutrition.
A long-chain omega-3 fatty acid crucial for the brain and eyes, primarily present in marine products.
Neurotransmitter synthesized from dietary tyrosine, involved in motivation and pleasure.
Versatile, dried legume rich in protein and nutrients.
First section of the small intestine where chemical digestion continues intensely.
Harmful imbalance of the intestinal flora.
Abnormal blood lipid levels increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
Swallowing difficulties increasing the risk of aspiration and malnutrition.
Eating disorders are serious conditions where stress manifests as disturbed relationships with food and body image.
Specific time frame during the day when all meals and calories are consumed, central to intermittent fasting approaches.
Fresh soybean pods rich in protein and easily accessible.
Visible tissue swelling caused by excessive fluid accumulation from sodium-related water retention.
Allergic reaction to egg proteins causing skin, digestive, or respiratory symptoms.
A long-chain omega-3 fatty acid derived from fish and seaweed with anti-inflammatory properties.
EPA is a marine omega-3 fatty acid essential for reducing inflammation and supporting heart and brain health.
Comprehensive exclusion of a suspected allergenic food to prevent allergic reactions.
Enzyme responsible for elongating essential fatty acid chains.
Stabilizing technique that creates uniform mixtures of oil and water-based ingredients.
Stabilizing ingredient that keeps oil and water mixed by surrounding fat droplets.
Cholesterol produced naturally by the body, mainly by the liver.
The ability to sustain a physical effort of long duration.
Quick source of glucose to maintain energy during prolonged exercise.
A balanced and practical snack for energy intake for athletes.
The caloric content of food expressed in kcal or kJ per serving or per 100g.
Increased protein needs for elderly individuals to preserve muscle mass.
Speed of enteral formula delivery adjusted for tolerance and nutritional targets.
Nutrition provided through a digestive tube when oral feeding is not possible.
Device controlling precise delivery speed of tube feeding formula.
Enzymatic antioxidants are body-produced proteins that neutralize free radicals.
A potent omega-3 fatty acid from fish that powerfully reduces inflammation and supports cardiovascular and brain health.
Catechin antioxidant isomer abundant in dark cocoa and black chocolate.
Study of how nutrition affects disease patterns across populations.
Epigenetic imprint is the selective expression of genes based on parental origin, regulated by nutrition and environment.
Epigenetic nutrition reveals how food compounds modify gene activity through chemical changes that don't alter DNA itself.
Portable auto-injector of epinephrine for emergency treatment of anaphylaxis.
The plant-based form of vitamin D found in fungi and fortified foods.
A low-calorie sweetener with no impact on glycemic index.
Muscular tube carrying food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Amino acids your body cannot produce and must consume through food.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplement to Support Heart and Brain Health
Research design that observes real-world dietary patterns and their health associations without intervention.
Healthy and stable balance of the intestinal flora.
The body's heightened tendency to store excess calories as fat during evening and night hours.
The final meal before sleep that impacts digestion, sleep quality, and next-day metabolism.
Temporary exclusion of suspect foods to diagnose allergies or intolerances.
Specific dietary elements that increase disease risk and can be modified for prevention.
Butyrate-producing bacterium, key for intestinal health
Dietary approaches to strengthen muscles and bones, reducing fall risk in elderly populations.
Fasting shifts brain metabolism toward ketones, potentially enhancing focus and supporting neural health through cellular renewal processes.
A 5-day restrictive diet program designed to reproduce the benefits of fasting without total abstinence.
The basic units of fats, classified according to their chemical structure.
Marine protein rich in omega-3, essential for cardiovascular and cerebral health.
A medical procedure transferring healthy gut bacteria from donors to restore microbiome balance in recipients.
Female fertility depends on healthy ovulation, egg quality, and hormonal balance, all of which are nutritionally dependent.
Aged cheese created through extended fermentation, rich in probiotics and concentrated nutrients.
Foods preserved and enhanced through microbial fermentation, rich in probiotics and enzymes.
A soybean cake fermented rich in protein and fiber, with a meaty texture and nutty flavor.
Biomarker of the organism's iron reserves.
Non-digestible compounds slowing down sugar absorption and stabilizing blood sugar.
Major bacterial phylum of the intestinal flora.
Allergic reaction to fish proteins causing digestive, skin, or respiratory symptoms.
A marine source of concentrated omega-3 fatty acids extracted from oily fish.
Colored plant pigments with remarkable antioxidant properties.
Flaxseed oil: a concentrated plant-based source of omega-3.
Ancient seeds ultra-concentrated in vegetable omega-3 and anticancer compounds (lignans).
Fluorine strengthens tooth enamel and supports bone mineralization.
Folate is the natural form of vitamin B9, essential for DNA synthesis and genetic integrity.
Folate is a B vitamin that supports DNA synthesis and is essential for fertility and fetal development.
Fundamental epigenetic process utilizing folate for gene regulation through methylation.
Folic acid prevents neural tube defects and supports fetal cell division and DNA synthesis.
Substances added to industrial foods to preserve, color, or texture them.
Immune reaction to food proteins causing acute and potentially severe symptoms.
Methodological errors that skew the results and conclusions of nutritional studies.
Additives that enhance food appearance through color modification.
Personal written record of all food and beverage consumption over several days.
Gradual introduction of varied foods into the infant's diet starting at 6 months.
Energy from food that powers all bodily functions.
The transformation of food by microorganisms, the oldest technique of preservation.
Total environmental impact of food from conception to consumption.
Questionnaire measuring how often specific foods are consumed over a defined time period.
A measured amount of a single food item consumed at one time.
Additives that inhibit microbial growth and oxidation to extend food shelf life.
Adapting food consistency to match mastication and deglutition capabilities.
A dynamic interaction between nutrition and emotions, influenced by biochemical mechanisms.
A food to which nutrients are added to increase its nutritional value.
FOS are short-chain prebiotic fibers that promote beneficial gut bacteria growth.
Fracture caused by minor trauma in a person with osteoporosis.
Highly sweet simple sugar often added to processed foods.
Free radicals are unstable molecules that damage cells by stealing electrons.
Harmful unstable molecules created when food is cooked at high temperatures.
Added or extracted sugars that rapidly increase blood sugar levels.
Water readily available for the body's biological functions.
Vacuum-based dehydration that removes water while preserving food structure and nutrients.
Simple sugar found in fruits and sweeteners that is metabolized differently than glucose.
Natural plant fibers in fruits that promote heart health and digestive regularity.
A food with demonstrated beneficial properties beyond its basic nutrition.
Approach that chooses foods for their specific health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Prebiotic fibers that stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.
Surgery placing a band around the stomach to reduce its volume and limit food consumption.
Bariatric surgery combining stomach reduction and intestinal bypass for weight loss.
Direct feeding access to the stomach created surgically or endoscopically for long-term nutrition.
Heat-activated swelling of starch granules that creates thickening and gel formation.
Gelling agents are additives that transform liquids into gels by creating a three-dimensional network structure.
Genetic disorder causing iron overload with multiple systemic complications.
Genetic deficiency of lactase enzyme preventing lactose digestion.
Geriatric nutritional needs and practices.
High blood sugar during pregnancy requiring dietary management.
Pure butter ideal for high-temperature cooking.
Hormone stimulating appetite for food.
Ghrelin is the hunger hormone that increases during fasting periods to prompt eating behavior.
Pancreatic hormone increasing blood glucose levels.
Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates.
Primary blood sugar and cellular fuel regulated by insulin for energy production.
Glucose provides the energy needed for all brain functions, with stable levels essential for optimal cognitive performance.
Genetic disorder characterized by red blood cell fragility in response to specific triggers.
Sulfur molecules in cruciferous vegetables that convert to potent anticancer compounds during chewing.
Essential amino acid supporting immune cells and gut health during cancer treatment.
Glutathione is the body's most important intracellular antioxidant for immune protection.
Glutathione peroxidase is a selenium-dependent enzyme that neutralizes hydroperoxides.
A diet excluding the gluten protein for intolerant individuals.
Indicator of glycemic control over 2-3 months.
A tool for choosing carbohydrates that stabilize blood sugar.
Multiple factors significantly influence the glycemic index of any given food beyond its base composition.
Cereals have highly variable GI values depending on their refinement level and grain composition.
The glycemic index measures the speed at which a food raises blood sugar levels.
Fruits have variable glycemic indices influenced by ripeness and type, ranging from low to high GI values.
Legumes are low GI foods that provide sustained energy without rapid blood sugar spikes.
Potatoes are high GI foods with significant blood sugar-raising potential, especially when baked or boiled.
White bread is a high GI food that rapidly increases blood sugar levels.
White rice is a high GI food that causes rapid blood glucose elevation.
Glycemic load quantifies how much a typical serving of food raises blood sugar.
The glycemic load measures the real impact of a serving of food on blood glucose.
The glycemic peak is the maximum blood sugar level after eating.
The glucose reserve stored in the liver and muscles.
The first step in glucose breakdown to produce energy.
Painful inflammatory arthritis caused by uric acid crystal deposits.
A versatile green powder supplement rich in vitamins, minerals, and chlorophyll from multiple plant sources.
Visual tool to track and evaluate the normality of physical growth in children, detecting anomalies.
Rapid slowing or stagnation of physical growth in children compared to reference standards.
Soluble fibre stabilizing blood sugar and enriching food texture.
Degradation of the gut microbiome that loses diversity and promotes inflammation with age.
The 100 trillion microorganisms living in your gut.
Bidirectional communication between intestines and brain regulating mood and emotions.
Integrated connection between gut digestion and brain functions via multiple signaling pathways.
The gut-brain axis is a communication highway where stress and digestion constantly influence each other.
Ratio of instantaneous event rates between two groups in survival studies.
Protective cholesterol transported by HDL, beneficial for cardiovascular health.
Structural insoluble plant fibre beneficial for digestion.
Regulated health-related statement claiming a food supports specific health functions or prevents disease.
A marketing statement asserting health benefits of a food product.
Natural fruit fibre reducing cholesterol and regulating digestion.
Weight range associated with optimal health and reduced disease risk.
Progressive weight loss that preserves health and muscle mass
Pathogenic bacterium of the stomach causing gastritis and ulcers.
Heme iron is highly absorbable iron from animal products, with 15-35% absorption rate.
A partially soluble fiber with mixed properties for digestive health.
Three-month glycemic memory, key tool for diabetes management.
Anemia caused by excessive destruction of red blood cells rather than insufficient production.
A complete plant protein source with ideal fatty acid ratios and minimal psychoactive compounds, ideal for plant-based nutrition.
Oil extracted from hemp, a complete and balanced source of essential fatty acids.
Complete vegetable protein source derived from hemp seeds.
Superfood rich in complete proteins and essential fatty acids.
Abnormal fat accumulation in liver tissue with potential for progression to cirrhosis.
A corn-based sweetener with elevated fructose content used extensively in processed foods and beverages.
Invisible sodium added to processed foods that accounts for up to 75% of dietary sodium intake.
Foods that cause rapid blood sugar spikes due to their high Glycemic Index value.
Protective cholesterol for the cardiovascular system.
A high-protein diet for weight loss and muscle development.
An amino acid essential for histamine synthesis and immune function.
Histone acetylation is a chemical modification that opens up DNA to promote gene expression, influenced by diet and nutrients.
The body's automatic regulation of internal stability.
Homocysteine is an amino acid whose elevated blood levels indicate nutritional deficiencies and cardiovascular risk.
Natural sweetener produced by bees containing glucose and fructose
Interaction between menstrual cycle hormones and nutritional needs for optimal reproductive health
Malnutrition acquired during hospitalization due to insufficient nutritional intake.
Complex community of microorganisms living in the human intestine.
Powerful hydrating agent that retains water in the skin for better elasticity.
Balance between water intake and loss in the body.
Sufficient water intake is vital for supporting blood volume expansion and fetal development during pregnancy.
Daily water intake recommended to maintain health and biological functions.
Balance between water entry and exit from the body.
Major olive polyphenol with cardioprotective properties
Abnormally high blood sugar indicating glucose regulation problems.
Excessively high blood sodium levels causing cellular dehydration.
The direct link between high sodium consumption and increased blood pressure, a major cardiovascular risk factor.
Dangerously low blood calcium levels impairing neuromuscular function.
Dangerously low blood sugar requiring immediate intervention.
Dangerously low blood potassium levels disrupting muscle and heart function.
Biological weight regulation system
A drink prioritising hydration with minimal sugars.
Blood analysis detecting reactive IgE antibodies to food allergens.
Growth hormone whose fasting reduces levels, thus activating cellular renewal.
Last section of the small intestine absorbing vitamin B12 and completing absorption.
Nutrition is fundamental to building and maintaining a strong immune system.
Use of specific nutrients to enhance immune system function in cancer patients.
A food missing one or more essential amino acids.
Enhanced calcium intake necessary after menopause to prevent osteoporosis.
Technique of measuring energy expenditure via respiratory gas analysis.
Organic molecule derived from cruciferous vegetables with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Artificially created fats, dangerous for the cardiovascular health.
Gradual introduction of solid foods in addition to breast milk or infant milk between 4 and 6 months.
Collection of nutritional supplies and dietary practices for infants from birth to 3 years.
Progressive increase in the child's body dimensions from birth to the end of puberty.
Specific nutrient intakes for infant development from 0 to 3 years.
Inflammation is a protective immune response that can become harmful when chronic.
Persistent inflammatory states significantly increase cancer risk by promoting cellular changes that lead to malignancy.
Chronic inflammation prevents normal iron utilization and red blood cell production.
Complete enumeration of all food components in order of weight, required on all packaged products.
First immune system, rapid and non-specific, present from birth
Sustainable and complete protein source derived from edible insects.
Non-dissolving fiber that promotes digestive regularity and bowel health.
Insoluble fiber adds bulk to stool and promotes regular digestion.
Body weight below healthy range with potential nutritional and health risks.
The hormone that gets sugar into cells and promotes storage.
Insulin levels decrease during fasting, allowing the body to access stored energy reserves.
Deficiency in insulin sensitivity amplifies PCOS symptoms and disrupts fertility.
Interleukins are key signaling molecules that coordinate immune cell activity and inflammation.
Alternate between periods of eating and fasting to improve metabolism.
Intermittent fasting can improve insulin sensitivity but requires professional guidance in diabetes management.
Regular fasting may prolong lifespan by triggering cellular repair and anti-inflammatory processes.
Experimental study testing the impact of a specific nutritional intervention on participant groups.
The passage of nutrients from the intestine into the bloodstream.
Fungal infection of the digestive tract caused by Candida proliferation.
The intestinal barrier's ability to control what substances pass through the intestinal wall.
The time it takes for food to pass through the intestine.
Intestinal folds that multiply absorption surface to 250 m².
Natural sugars contained in the structure of intact fruits and vegetables.
Eat according to hunger and satiety, without restriction or guilt.
Prebiotic fiber that feeds good gut bacteria and improves digestive health.
Inulin is a soluble prebiotic fiber that nourishes beneficial gut bacteria.
Essential trace element for the thyroid and fetal brain development.
Iodine deficiency impairs thyroid function and causes goiter, hypothyroidism, and developmental problems.
Iodine supports fetal thyroid function and neurological development during pregnancy.
Essential mineral for oxygen transport, often deficient.
Process of intestinal uptake of dietary iron for oxygen transport.
Iron supports brain oxygen supply and energy metabolism, essential for optimal cognitive performance.
The most frequent cause of anemia worldwide.
A deficiency in iron causing anemia and affecting child development
Iron intake during breastfeeding restores maternal stores depleted by pregnancy and prevents fatigue.
Iron supports increased blood volume and oxygen transport during pregnancy, preventing maternal anemia.
Substances in food that decrease iron bioavailability and absorption.
The iron supplement helps prevent and treat anemia by increasing blood oxygen levels.
Functional gut disorder causing abdominal pain and irregular bowel movements without structural disease.
Plant-derived compounds mimicking estrogen action, abundant in soy and legumes.
A BCAA that supports muscle and immune function.
A balanced drink optimising water absorption and simultaneous energy intake.
A probiotic-rich fermented milk drink made with kefir grains containing beneficial bacteria and yeast.
A highly saturated oil commonly used in processed foods and industrial baking.
Production of ketone bodies as an alternative energy source.
A very low-carbohydrate diet that forces the body to burn fat.
The ketogenic diet dramatically reduces carbohydrates to stabilize blood glucose and improve insulin sensitivity.
The alternative fuel produced by the liver when glucose is scarce.
The kidney's ability to filter, reabsorb, and excrete sodium to maintain body fluid balance and blood pressure.
A Korean fermented vegetable blend spicy, probiotic, and rich in flavors, a staple in traditional cuisine.
Fermented tea drink containing probiotics and organic acids, traditional digestive tonic.
Fermented rye bread beverage rich in probiotics and minerals.
French quality label certifying superior product standards in flavor, production methods, and ingredient quality.
Enzyme breaking down lactose into absorbable simple sugars.
Lactase facilitates milk digestion; its absence hinders the consumption of dairy products.
Product of anaerobic metabolism causing fatigue.
Transformation of sugars into lactic acid by beneficial bacteria without oxygen.
Beneficial bacterial fermentation that preserves food while creating probiotic-rich products.
Beneficial lactic acid bacterium for intestinal health.
Milk sugar requiring specific enzyme for digestion.
Inability to digest milk sugar, very common in Asia and Africa.
Animal fat extracted from pork, historically used in cooking and pastry.
LDL cholesterol is the 'bad' cholesterol that increases heart disease risk when elevated.
Pathological increase in intestinal permeability.
Lean body mass includes muscles, bones, and organs, constituting the body's main energy expenditure.
Plants producing nutritious seeds rich in protein and fiber.
Plant fibers from legumes that improve digestion and metabolic health.
Cooking grain rich in protein and micronutrients.
A key amino acid that triggers muscle protein synthesis.
A natural, living culture of microorganisms used to leaven bread in a traditional way.
A hierarchy classifying the reliability of scientific evidence in nutrition from the least to the most robust.
Abundant phytoestrogens in flaxseeds and seeds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
An insoluble polymer that reinforces plant structure and contributes to fiber intake.
The essential plant-based omega-6 fatty acid found abundantly in seed oils and nuts.
Rich in omega-3 to be consumed raw for preservation.
Digestive enzyme breaking down fats into absorbable elements.
Dietary fats, essential despite their bad reputation.
Lipid peroxidation is the oxidative damage of fats in cell membranes.
Lipids must be carefully chosen to protect cardiovascular health in diabetes.
Mobilization of fat reserves to produce energy.
Particles transporting lipids and cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Genetically determined lipoprotein particle associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
A bacterial infection risk during pregnancy that can cause severe complications including miscarriage and premature birth.
The central metabolic factory of the body, processing all absorbed nutrients.
Low GI foods cause slow, gradual increases in blood sugar.
Reduce calories to lose weight progressively.
Atherogenic cholesterol for the cardiovascular system.
Precise cooking method using sustained low heat for perfect texture and nutrient retention.
Midday meal when digestion is at its maximum efficiency.
Immunological response to lupin proteins, a legume used as a gluten-free alternative.
A yellow carotenoid that protects the eye from light damage and age-related vision loss.
A red carotenoid with potent antioxidant properties not converted to vitamin A.
Lycopene is a tomato carotenoid with documented anticancer potential.
An essential amino acid crucial for collagen and bone health.
Peruvian root that energizes and balances hormonal functions.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins: the three energy pillars of nutrition.
Anti-stress mineral involved in 300 enzymatic reactions.
Process of intestinal uptake and transport of magnesium into circulation.
Magnesium promotes blood vessel relaxation and helps regulate blood pressure through multiple physiological mechanisms.
Inadequate magnesium intake or absorption compromising enzyme function and neuromuscular health.
Critical mineral cofactor for effective calcium utilization and bone health.
A natural mineral that calms the nervous system and reinforces resilience against stress.
Magnesium is the key nutrient to regulate the stress response and must be replenished during chronic stress.
Mineral supplement for muscle relaxation, stress management, and energy.
Chemistry that gives cooked foods their golden color and aromatic flavor.
Male fertility depends on adequate sperm production and quality, both strongly influenced by nutritional status.
An imbalance between nutrient intake and the body's actual needs, causing health complications.
Inadequate nutrition leading to weight loss and weakness.
Intestinal enzyme breaking down maltose into glucose for absorption.
Common sugar substitute with properties similar to sugar but with moderate glycemic impact.
A glucose polymer that provides sustained energy with a high glycemic index, commonly used in sports and fitness products.
Grain sugar made of two glucose units, formed during starch breakdown.
Manganese is crucial for bone health, metabolism, and antioxidant defense.
Natural sweetener derived from maple sap, rich in minerals.
Vegetable origin substitute often containing unhealthy trans fats.
Ultra-nutritious oceanic plants rich in iodine, calcium, and proteins.
Essential marine fats from fish that support heart, brain, and overall health.
Mechanical grinding of food by teeth.
Natural secretion of breasts containing essential nutrients for infant.
Best scientifically validated diet for cardiovascular prevention.
The Mediterranean diet is a scientifically-proven eating pattern that reduces cardiovascular disease risk through plant foods and healthy fats.
Natural sweet fruits rich in fiber and antioxidants, ideal for Mediterranean healthy desserts.
Vegetable sources of essential proteins for the Mediterranean diet.
Nutritive and energy-rich dry fruits, concentrated sources of healthy fats and plant proteins.
Colorful and nutritious vegetables, the foundation of the Mediterranean diet and sources of phytonutrients.
Medium GI foods produce moderate blood sugar increases.
B12 or folate deficiency causes production of oversized, non-functional red blood cells.
Melatonin supplements help regulate sleep cycles and improve sleep quality by mimicking the body's natural sleep hormone.
The bacterial and animal-derived form of vitamin K with superior tissue storage and targeted health effects.
Adaptation of nutrition to cycle phases to support hormonal balance and fertility.
Foods that nourish beneficial gut bacteria to improve mental balance.
A set of physiological adjustments allowing the body to function without food intake.
Chronic, low-level LPS in the bloodstream causing persistent low-grade systemic inflammation.
A frequent cluster of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in the Western world.
Displacement between internal clock and environmental signals disrupting metabolism.
Water generated by internal metabolic processes of the body.
The set of chemical reactions that sustain life in cells.
A sulfur-containing amino acid essential for detoxification and cell function.
Key metabolic conversion of methionine to SAM to feed cellular methylation reactions.
MTHFR is a key enzyme in folate metabolism; its genetic variants profoundly influence detoxification and cellular methylation.
Age-related changes in gut bacteria composition that impact health and immunity.
The microbiome is the foundation of immune competence and pathogen resistance.
The gut microbiome acts as a second brain and regulates mental health through the gut-brain axis.
Dietary fibers that feed and nurture beneficial gut bacteria for optimal health.
Vitamins and minerals: small doses, major health effects.
MicroRNAs are epigenetic regulators that modulate protein production in response to nutrients.
Immune allergic reaction to milk proteins causing digestive, skin, or respiratory symptoms.
An attentive eating approach that promotes consciousness and moderation.
Natural water rich in essential minerals for hydration and electrolyte supply.
A simple and rapid questionnaire identifying seniors at risk of malnutrition.
A deeply fermented paste with rich umami flavor, containing diverse probiotics and enzymes.
Progressive decline in mitochondrial energy efficiency generating more oxidative stress.
Moderate red wine consumption for its cardio-protective benefits
Partial reduction of calories during a defined period without complete fasting.
Immunological reaction to mollusk proteins that can cause diverse symptoms.
Molybdenum activates enzymes critical for metabolism and detoxification processes.
Small volatile terpenic molecules responsible for intense aromas of herbs and citrus.
A fatty acid with one double bond, liquid at room temperature, known for cardiovascular benefits.
Ultra-nutritive leaf of the miracle tree containing 90 essential nutrients.
The beneficial morning cortisol surge that prepares your body for daily activity and energy expenditure.
A key regulator of aging that balances cellular growth and repair mechanisms for optimal longevity.
Protein regulator of cellular growth whose inhibition by fasting activates cellular cleaning.
Instantaneous energy reserve in muscle tissue.
The body's noble tissue, burning calories and serving as a functional reserve.
Reduction of muscle tissue during weight loss.
Restoration of muscle structures and reserves after training.
The muscles' ability to generate maximum power against resistance.
Complete and durable fungal protein produced by biotechnological fermentation.
A mycoprotein-based food product offering texture and nutritional composition similar to meat.
A glutathione precursor strengthening cellular antioxidant defenses.
Feeding tube passed through the nose to deliver nutrition directly to the stomach.
Sodium elimination by the kidneys to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.
A Japanese fermented soybean dish with an intense flavor and a gloopy texture, rich in probiotics and nutrients.
Sugars from whole foods without processing or addition
Pregnancy-related nausea is common in the first trimester and can affect adequate nutrient consumption.
Brain-nourishing proteins that maintain and strengthen neural connections.
NF-kB is a master regulator that switches immune genes on and off based on cellular threats.
Niacine is vitamin B3, essential for energy metabolism and DNA function.
Nickel has a potential but not well-established role in enzyme function.
Measurement of protein adequacy by comparing nitrogen intake to excretion.
NMN is a direct NAD+ precursor rapidly increasing cellular energy.
Slowing down of metabolic processes and adaptive hormonal changes during the night.
Calcium from alternative sources to dairy products.
Non-enzymatic antioxidants are dietary compounds that directly neutralize free radicals.
Amino acids your body can produce on its own.
Non-heme iron from plants has lower but improvable bioavailability through dietary combinations.
Tropical fruit with recognized immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory properties
Red-black algae rich in complete proteins and bioavailable vitamin B12.
System classifying foods by degree of industrial processing from natural to ultra-processed.
NR is a nutrient increasing NAD+ levels, a key energy molecule.
Allergic reaction to nut proteins causing mild to severe symptoms
Oil extracted from nuts, rich in essential omega-3 with a good ratio of fatty acids.
Simplified nutritional quality rating displayed on the front of food packages using color codes from A (best) to E (worst).
Nutrients are essential substances in food that support body functions, growth, and health.
The body's process of taking in and utilizing nutrients from food.
Quality-to-calorie ratio of a food.
Fats reduce GI indirectly by slowing down digestion and glucose absorption.
Nutrigenetics examines how your genes determine how you metabolize and respond to different nutrients.
Nutrigenomics explores how food components affect our genetic expression and disease susceptibility.
Diet directly influences anxiety levels by regulating the nervous system and blood sugar.
Nutritional science applied to cancer prevention and management through dietary choices.
Dietary practices that support optimal heart function and reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
Diet plays a crucial role in preventing and managing depression by regulating neurotransmitters.
Nutrition is fundamental to supporting reproductive function and optimizing fertility outcomes.
Umbrella term for all regulated statements about food's nutritional or health properties.
Proper nutrition during breastfeeding supports milk production and maintains maternal and infant health.
Proper nutrition during pregnancy supports fetal development and maternal health through increased nutrient intake.
Optimized nutrition during IVF treatment supports egg quality, hormone balance, and implantation success.
Tailored dietary approaches to ensure adequate nutrition in Alzheimer's patients despite cognitive and physical challenges.
Specialized nutritional approaches to manage eating difficulties and medication interactions in Parkinson's patients.
A statistical synthesis of numerous studies to obtain a more reliable global conclusion on a nutritional topic.
Linking sperm analysis results to nutritional deficiencies or excesses.
Stress profoundly affects our nutritional needs and relationship with food.
Systematic assessment of nutritional health in elderly individuals to detect and prevent malnutrition.
To cover all nutritional needs without excess or deficiency.
Comprehensive evaluation of an individual's nutritional status.
Biomarker for evaluating nutritional status and nutrient intakes.
Démonstration that a food or nutrient is the direct cause of an effect on health, beyond a simple association.
Regulated statement about a food's nutrient content that must meet defined legal standards.
Severe nutritional deficits affecting infant health
Science of designing individualized nutritional solutions.
A condition of reduced physical resilience in elderly people resulting from nutritional insufficiency and increased susceptibility to illness.
Required nutritional information on food products helping consumers make informed dietary choices.
Ongoing assessment of nutritional status and response to feeding interventions.
Essential nutrient quantities your body requires for health.
Lactating women require increased calories and specific nutrients to sustain milk production and health.
Excessive or poor-quality food intake overburdens digestion and adds metabolic stress to an already stressed system.
Nutritional polymorphisms are genetic variations that determine how each person responds differently to the same foods and nutrients.
System measuring the overall nutritional quality of the diet.
Nutrient-dense seeds rich in healthy fats, proteins, and micronutrients essential for cardiovascular and neurological health.
Mixed oat fiber rich in beta-glucans for cardiovascular health.
Pathological excess of fat mass, major health risk factor.
Excess body weight increases cancer risk through inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic dysfunction.
A giant of the sea highly mineralised, concentrated source of marine iodine and calcium.
Ratio comparing odds of disease between exposed and non-exposed groups
Chemical breakdown of oils caused by heat, light, and oxygen exposure.
Major antioxidant polyphenol of extra virgin olive oil.
Powerful anti-inflammatory polyphenol exclusive to high-quality extra virgin olive oil.
Essential vegetable oil in the Mediterranean diet, providing a rich source of healthy fats.
Olive oil is a heart-protective fat rich in polyphenols that reduces cardiovascular disease risk and inflammation.
Powerful antioxidants from the olive for cellular protection
Essential anti-inflammatory fatty acids with major cardiovascular benefits.
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients for brain structure and optimal brain function.
Essential fatty acids that support infant neurological and visual development through breast milk.
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and regulate hormones, improving fertility in both sexes.
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and improve blood vessel function, helping to lower blood pressure naturally.
Nutritional deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids causing multiple health problems.
Omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, are essential for fetal brain and eye development during pregnancy.
Anti-inflammatory fatty acids reducing inflammation and supporting immune function in cancer patients.
Essential fatty acids protecting the heart and blood vessels.
Supplementation of essential omega-3 fatty acids to address dietary deficiencies.
An essential polyunsaturated fat found abundantly in seed oils and nuts, important but often excessive in modern diets.
Nutritional balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids determining systemic inflammatory status.
A monounsaturated fat that your body can produce, abundant in olive oil and associated with Mediterranean diet health benefits.
Consume all daily nutrient intake in a single daily meal, fasting for 23 hours.
Oral nutritional supplements or beverages to fill nutritional gaps.
Certification verifying that food is produced without synthetic chemicals, meeting strict organic agriculture standards.
A unhealthy obsession with eating healthy that becomes an eating disorder.
Particle concentration in nutritional solutions determining safe administration route.
Measurement of dissolved particles in a biological fluid.
Effect of a solution on cell volume based on impermeable solutes.
Low bone density that increases fracture risk but is less severe than osteoporosis.
Progressive weakening of bones, prevented by calcium and vitamin D.
Ovarian Reserve represents feminine reproductive potential in terms of the number and quality of ova.
Excessive nutrient intake beyond physiological needs.
Weight excess above healthy range but below clinical obesity.
Oxalate blocks the absorption of calcium in plants that contain it.
Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals outnumber antioxidants in the body.
Accumulation of free radicals damaging cells and intensifying with age.
A diet mimicking the prehistoric diet by excluding modern processed foods.
The gland that digests food and regulates blood sugar.
Nutrition provided through an intravenous route when enteral nutrition is impossible.
Moderate heating that destroys pathogens without altering nutrients.
Allergological test applying allergens to the skin to identify sensitizations.
Adapted nutritional approach to manage PCOS and its metabolic complications.
A standardized scoring system (0-1.0) that rates protein quality based on digestibility and essential amino acid content.
Allergic reaction to peanut proteins causing mild to severe symptoms
A balanced, flavorful oil with excellent cooking properties and a good fatty acid composition.
Pea isolate offering an balanced amino acid profile and excellent digestibility.
Soluble plant fiber in fruits that gels and helps lower cholesterol.
Gastric enzyme initiating protein digestion in an acidic environment.
Muscle contractions that move food through the intestine.
An amino acid precursor for neurotransmitters that affect focus and mood.
Genetic disorder preventing phenylalanine metabolism, an essential amino acid.
A fat molecule that forms the structural foundation of all cell membranes in your body.
Essential mineral for bone health and energy production.
Essential mineral working with calcium for bone structure.
The plant-based form of vitamin K essential for blood coagulation.
Phytate decreases calcium absorption in cereals and legumes.
Plant compound that binds iron and reduces its absorption in the intestines.
Plant compounds that inhibit cholesterol absorption in the intestine.
Protein from plants like beans, grains, nuts, and seeds.
Diet focused on whole, minimally processed plant-based foods.
Essential amino acid present in legumes, seeds, and fortified plant foods.
Sulfur-containing essential amino acid found primarily in grains and seeds.
Plant-based foods rich in protein and essential amino acids.
Optimized nutrition for fertility treatments.
Hormonal disorder affecting ovaries, fertility, and metabolism in women.
Molecules produced by plants to protect themselves from stress.
Polyphenols are plant compounds with powerful anticancer properties.
Polyphenols are powerful antioxidants from plants that reduce blood pressure by improving blood vessel function and reducing inflammation.
Polyphenols are plant compounds with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Antioxidant compounds in beverages and plant foods that reduce iron absorption.
A fatty acid with multiple double bonds, liquid at room temperature, essential for brain and heart health.
Specialized nutrition optimizing recovery after exercise.
Postprandial glycemia measures blood sugar levels after meals.
Key mineral for water balance and cardiovascular health.
Potassium helps regulate blood pressure by balancing sodium's effects and relaxing blood vessel walls.
Potassium excretion by the kidneys to regulate electrolyte balance and cardiac function.
The potassium-sodium balance is essential for controlling blood pressure and supporting heart health.
A strategic meal preparing the body for competitive exercise.
Comprehensive medical evaluations before surgery to verify the patient's eligibility.
Plasma protein sensitive to rapid nutritional changes, reflecting short-term protein status.
Fibers that feed the good bacteria in your intestine.
Preformed vitamin A is the bioavailable form of vitamin A obtained directly from animal sources.
Using nutrition strategically to prevent disease and promote long-term health.
Live microorganisms that strengthen the intestinal microbiota.
Beneficial bacteria supplement for better digestion and immunity.
Probiotics enhance immunity by establishing a healthy gut ecosystem.
Longitudinal follow-up of exposed/non-exposed populations to measure disease incidence
Inflammatory or anti-inflammatory molecule derived from essential fatty acids regulating numerous bodily functions.
Digestive enzyme breaking down proteins into amino acids.
Certification linking a product to a geographical region with less stringent requirements than PDO.
The building blocks of the human body.
Combining incomplete plant proteins to achieve complete amino acid profiles.
The proportion of consumed protein that your body can absorb and use effectively.
Protein oxidation damages proteins through free radical modification.
Proteins help regulate blood sugar and increase satiety in diabetes management.
Proteins indirectly reduce GI by slowing down gastric emptying and sugar absorption.
Essential building blocks of muscle for performance and recovery.
Provitamin A is a plant-derived precursor that the body converts into active vitamin A.
Psychobiotics promote a healthy gut microbiome, regulating mood and anxiety.
Very effective fiber that hydrates stool and naturally regulates intestinal transit.
Pyridoxine is vitamin B6, essential for protein and neurotransmitter metabolism.
Plant sugar in legumes that causes digestive gas because humans cannot digest it.
A Muslim religious fasting period extending from dawn to sunset for a lunar month.
Annual one-month intermittent fasting with limited food and hydration to nighttime hours.
Experimental study with randomisation evaluating the effect of a dietary intervention on health
Excessive and rapid weight loss with metabolic risks.
Unprocessed cacao rich in antioxidants and magnesium for physical and mental well-being
ROS are oxygen-containing molecules that can damage cells when present in excess.
The daily nutrient intake recommended for optimal health.
Last part of the digestive tract storing feces before elimination.
Chinese fruit rich in polysaccharides and carotenoids.
A powerful red grape polyphenol with antioxidant and cellular longevity-activating properties.
Gradual nutritional restoration in severely malnourished patients with careful monitoring.
Life-threatening metabolic complication from rapid feeding of severely malnourished patients.
The standard nutrient reference used for nutrition labeling purposes.
EU's standardized nutrient reference values for food labeling.
Juice of germinated and fermented grains, dense in enzymes and chlorophyll for detoxification.
Ratio comparing the probability of disease between two groups (exposed and non-exposed).
The renin-angiotensin system is a key hormonal pathway that controls blood pressure through vasoconstriction and fluid regulation.
A minimally digestible carbohydrate that minimizes blood glucose spikes.
Baseline energy expenditure at rest, foundation for calculating total nutritional needs.
Moderate caloric restriction to extend lifespan and improve metabolic health.
Powerful antioxidant from grapes activating longevity genes.
A powerful antioxidant that activates sirtuines and promotes longevity.
The preformed, animal-derived version of vitamin A that requires no metabolic conversion.
Starch recrystallization process that causes bread and baked goods to become dry and firm.
Natural adaptogen that helps the body manage stress and fatigue.
Adaptogen that boosts energy and reduces stress-related fatigue.
Riboflavine is vitamin B2, essential for energy metabolism and cellular respiration.
Culturally significant grain-legume combination providing complete protein and balanced nutrition.
A bone disease linked to vitamin D or calcium deficiency in children
Ancient synthetic sweetener, very sweet, zero calories, no impact on blood glucose levels.
Premium blue fish rich in omega-3 and astaxanthin, a rare antioxidant pigment.
Essential mineral compound composed of sodium and chloride, critical for health but requiring moderate intake.
High salt intake raises blood pressure by increasing water retention and arterial stiffness.
Systematic approach to lower daily sodium consumption through dietary modifications and lifestyle changes.
The tendency for blood pressure to increase more dramatically in response to dietary sodium intake.
Age-related muscle loss preventable through exercise and protein intake.
Loss of muscle mass and strength associated with age.
Strategies to prevent age-related muscle loss through nutrition and exercise.
Saturated fats raise harmful LDL cholesterol, increasing cardiovascular disease risk.
A fatty acid with no double bonds, solid at room temperature, commonly found in animal products.
Lacto-fermented cabbage with acidic flavor, probiotic, and highly digestible.
Compact nutritional powerhouses providing complete amino acids, essential fatty acids, and vital minerals in small portions.
High-protein food made from wheat gluten with a meaty texture.
Wheat gluten-based protein with a meaty texture and very high protein profile.
Essential antioxidant trace element for proper thyroid function.
Selenium protects reproductive cells from oxidative stress and is essential for sperm motility and egg quality.
Selenium is vital for immune cell antioxidant protection and thyroid function.
Natural loss of appetite due to age affecting nutritional intake.
A diet that separates foods for optimal digestion, but lacks scientific basis.
Intestinally produced neurotransmitter regulating mood, sleep, and overall well-being.
Plasma protein reflecting protein nutritional status over 2-3 weeks.
Blood iron storage protein used to measure total body iron reserves.
Immunological response to sesame proteins present in seeds and derivatives.
A potent, antioxidant-rich oil with distinctive flavor best used in moderation for finishing dishes.
Immune reaction to proteins from shellfish.
Alternating work hours disrupt the natural biological rhythm.
Hydrogenated vegetable fat used in pastry for light and airy textures.
Genetic blood disorder causing misshapen red blood cells that block blood vessels and lead to hemolysis.
Silicon is essential for bone formation and connective tissue structure.
Fast-acting carbohydrates with 1-2 sugar units that provide quick energy.
SNPs are the most frequent genetic variations, each potentially affecting the individual response to nutrients and foods.
A starch-derived sweetener combining glucose and fructose in varying proportions, commonly used in European food manufacturing.
Sirtuins are proteins that regulate cellular aging and longevity.
Assessment of subcutaneous fat thickness to estimate body composition and fat distribution.
Surgery reducing the stomach size to limit food intake and promote weight loss.
Small nutritious blue fish with high levels of omega-3 and absorbable calcium.
Abnormal bacterial proliferation in the small intestine.
Abnormal fungal proliferation in the small intestine.
Temperature limit beyond which an oil or fat degrades and may become potentially toxic.
Light intermediate meal that stabilizes energy and blood sugar levels between major meals.
Essential electrolyte regulating hydration and nerve function.
Equilibrium between dietary sodium intake and urinary sodium excretion maintaining fluid and blood pressure homeostasis.
Water-soluble fiber that dissolves into gel and improves cholesterol and blood sugar control.
Soluble fiber dissolves in water and supports heart health and blood sugar control.
Fibers that bind cholesterol and reduce its intestinal absorption.
A moderately caloric sweetener with a low glycemic index but laxative in excess.
A naturally fermented bread made with a levain, more digestible and rich in probiotics.
Exceptional legume providing complete protein.
Immunological reaction to soybean proteins causing allergic symptoms.
Sperm Morphology refers to the correct shape and structure of sperm for fertilizing the ovule.
Functional ability of sperm to move and fertilize the ovocyte.
A specialized membrane lipid that plays a critical role in nerve cell structure and brain function.
A microalga superfood providing complete protein, B vitamins, and chlorophyll in concentrated form.
Hyperprotein microalgae with an exceptional nutritional profile.
Nutritive algae superfood with complete protein source.
Ergogenic stimulant improving mental alertness and physical performance before exercise.
Fluid consumption strategy to maintain hydration and performance during exercise.
Scientific approach to nutrition tailored to athlete needs.
The complex carbohydrate of starchy foods, a source of gradual energy.
Gentle cooking technique using steam to preserve nutrients and food quality.
High-heat, high-pressure treatment that kills all microorganisms for safe long-term storage.
Natural plant-based sweetener, calorie-free and without effect on blood sugar.
Calorie-free natural sweetener derived from a South American plant.
Digestive pouch producing acid and enzymes for food digestion.
Chronic stress disrupts the gut microbiome, which in turn amplifies stress vulnerability and inflammation through the gut-brain axis.
Stress eating is consuming more food or seeking specific foods in response to stressful situations.
Vitamin B that supports adrenal glands and regulates the stress response.
Antioxidant nutrient that reduces cortisol and protects the body from oxidative stress.
Chronic stress triggers and maintains systemic inflammation through cortisol dysregulation and immune activation.
Very concentrated synthetic sweetener, heat-resistant, zero calories, no glycemic effect.
A very powerful artificial sweetener that is thermostable, ideal for cooking and baking.
Enzyme breaking down sucrose into absorbable simple sugars.
Common table sugar made of glucose and fructose units.
Sugar must be consumed with extreme moderation or eliminated in diabetics.
Powerful anticancer compound derived from broccoli, activating intrinsic cellular defenses.
Sulforaphane is a potent anticancer compound from cruciferous vegetables.
Mineral supporting connective tissue and detoxification.
A light, nutrient-rich oil ideal for everyday cooking and frying.
A marketing term for very nutritious foods with no scientific definition.
Essential antioxidant enzyme neutralizing superoxide radicals in cells.
The process of moving food from the mouth to the stomach.
Numerical indicator of bone density used to evaluate fracture risk.
Personalized adaptation of nutrition to match the capabilities and needs of the elderly individual.
Treated and controlled water provided by the public network for daily consumption.
Tea tannins strongly inhibit iron absorption.
Optimal nutrition preserves telomere length and slows down biological aging.
A fermented soy food with a firm texture and nutty flavor.
Whole fermented soybean offering bioavailable protein and a compact, delicious texture.
Volatile aromatic molecules produced by plants, source of aromas and bioactive properties.
Transformed and dehydrated soy protein replicating the texture of meat with a complete amino acid profile.
Genetic disorder causing defective hemoglobin production and chronic hemolysis.
Complete cessation of food intake for a controlled period for therapeutic purposes.
Production of body heat through metabolism.
Thiamine is vitamin B1, essential for energy metabolism and nerve function.
Thiamine depletion causing neurological complications during nutritional restoration.
Additives that increase food viscosity and create thickened, creamy textures.
Excessive leanness indicating nutritional deficiency or pathological weight loss.
Thioredoxin is a small protein that reduces oxidative stress and regulates cell signaling.
Physiological signal indicating the need to drink.
An essential amino acid for immunity and collagen formation.
Nutritional approach that restricts eating to designated hours to optimize metabolism and cellular health.
Tin's nutritional role in humans is not well-established.
TNF-alpha is a powerful pro-inflammatory signaling molecule essential for pathogen defense.
Tobacco compromises nutritional status and dramatically increases cancer risk through multiple pathways.
The most active form of vitamin E found in the body and plant oils.
A fermented soy-based product rich in complete proteins.
Soy protein coagulated offering adaptable texture and very well-balanced nutrition profile.
Total energy burned in a day, including basal metabolism, activity, and digestion.
Complete intravenous nutrition when the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used.
Global measurement of blood proteins.
A parasitic infection preventable through food safety that poses serious risks to fetal development if transmitted.
Aged Italian vinegar, rich in polyphenol antioxidants.
An artificial fatty acid created through food processing that is highly detrimental to cardiovascular health.
Protein involved in iron transport in the blood.
Ratio measuring how much transferrin is loaded with iron relative to its total capacity.
Plant sugar added to processed foods that resists crystallization and mold.
The main form of fat in food and body energy storage, made of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.
Blood-borne lipids reflecting dietary fat intake and metabolic state.
The amino acid that creates serotonin and melatonin for mood and sleep.
Mediterranean fat fish rich in proteins and omega-3.
Natural anti-inflammatory supplement rich in curcumin for joint and digestive health.
An autoimmune disease requiring lifelong insulin therapy.
The most common form of diabetes, linked to lifestyle and diet.
Chronic colonic inflammation causing bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Industrial products that have largely replaced home-cooked meals.
Insufficient nutrient intake relative to biological needs.
A fatty acid with one or more double bonds, typically liquid at room temperature, found in plant oils and fish.
A BCAA that aids muscle recovery and energy.
Vanadium may enhance insulin action and support glucose metabolism.
A diet excluding all animal products for ethical and health reasons.
Plant-derived omega-3 nutrients suitable for individuals avoiding animal products.
Completely animal product-free diet.
Plant fibers from vegetables that enhance digestion and nutrient absorption.
Calcium from plant-based foods with variable absorption.
A diet excluding meat and fish but allowing animal products.
Meat-free and fish-free diet with some animal products.
A fat-soluble vitamin crucial for eyesight, immune defense, and cellular health.
Essential for nerves and red blood cells, absent from plant-based foods.
The vitamin B12 supplement prevents pernicious anemia and supports neurological health and energy.
A key nutrient for the production of molecules regulating mood and managing stress.
Essential vitamin in early pregnancy to prevent birth defects.
Powerful antioxidant, essential for collagen and immunity.
Vitamin C is crucial for activating and protecting immune cells.
Vitamin C dramatically improves the absorption of plant-based iron sources.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant that protects cells and regenerates vitamin E.
The vitamin C supplement strengthens immunity, supports wound healing, and protects against cellular damage.
The sunshine vitamin, essential for bones and immunity.
Vitamin D regulates immune function and reproductive hormone production, essential for conception and pregnancy.
Vitamin D is essential for immune cell maturation and inflammatory balance.
Adequate vitamin D during breastfeeding supports maternal bone health and infant vitamin D status via breast milk.
Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption and supports fetal immune and skeletal development during pregnancy.
Essential nutrient for bones, immunity, and overall child health.
Liposoluble vitamin crucial for calcium absorption and immunity in the elderly.
Supplement for Vitamin D to boost Bone Health and Immunity
Vitamin D3 is the active form of vitamin D produced by sun exposure or obtained from animal products.
Fat-soluble vitamin crucial for calcium absorption and regulation.
A powerful fat-soluble antioxidant essential for cellular protection and immune support.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects fats from oxidation.
A fat-soluble vitamin critical for blood clotting and bone health in two distinct forms.
Vitamin K2 is a bacterial-derived form of vitamin K crucial for bone and cardiovascular health.
Essential vitamin activating key proteins in bone mineralization.
Vitamin B1 is crucial for converting carbohydrates into energy and maintaining neurological health.
Vitamin B2 is a coenzyme essential for energy production and cellular protection.
Vitamin B3 is crucial for energy production, DNA repair, and cellular communication.
Vitamin B5 is essential for coenzyme A synthesis and energy metabolism.
Vitamin B6 is crucial for amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolism.
Vitamin B7 is essential for carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
VLDL is a cholesterol carrier rich in triglycerides that contributes to arterial damage when elevated.
Waist measurement, best indicator of cardiovascular and metabolic risk.
Asiatic brown algae with exceptional anti-inflammatory and detoxifying properties.
Fundamental chemical compound representing 60% of adult body weight.
Strict fasting without any calories, allowing only water and calorie-free beverages.
Recovery of water from renal filtrate for hydration.
The body's abnormal accumulation of fluid caused primarily by excessive sodium intake and osmotic imbalances.
Progressive transition from breastfeeding to a diversified diet.
Appropriate weight gain during pregnancy supports fetal development and maternal health outcomes.
Natural balance of the body to maintain a stable weight.
Reduction of total body weight
Unintentional weight decline in cancer patients requiring nutritional intervention.
Stopping weight loss despite continued dieting and physical activity.
Biological processes and behavioral factors maintaining stable body weight.
The natural balance weight that your body strives to maintain.
Immunological reaction to proteins in wheat causing true allergy.
A concentrated nutritional source of insoluble fiber from whole wheat.
Cereal-legume tandem offering a balanced and complete profile of essential amino acids.
Young wheatgrass juice or powder for detoxification and deep cellular regeneration.
Uncrystallized cane sugar preserving natural molasses & nutrients.
Genetic disorder of copper accumulation requiring strict nutritional management.
Repeated cycles of weight loss and regain that destabilize metabolism.
A fermented milk product rich in protein and probiotics, created through bacterial cultures.
Complete and uninterrupted 25-hour fasting, including total liquid abstinence.
Smartphone app that rates food products on health quality by analyzing nutritional data and ingredients.
A yellow carotenoid that accumulates in the eye to protect against age-related vision loss.
Key trace element for immunity, wound healing, and growth.
Zinc regulates brain cell communication and protects neural tissue, supporting memory and learning processes.
Zinc is essential for reproductive cell development, hormone production, and DNA integrity in both male and female fertility.
Zinc is indispensable for immune cell development and pathogen recognition.
Zinc deficiency impairs immune function, protein synthesis, and wound healing.
Mineral supplement to boost immunity and accelerate recovery.
A regulatory protein that controls tight junction permeability in the intestinal epithelium.